2
  -2022
  
 
(   )
 :    :100
:    ,              
          
-
1.              
2.            
-
3.        
4.            
-
5.              
    
2
6.              
    ?
-
7.             
     
8.        
  -2022
  
 
(   )
 :    :100
:    ,              
          
-
1.              
:1.     
2
              
            ,       
         :
  ?
     ?
      ?
       ?
  ,            
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾:            
   ,            
2.     
  ,           -  ,  ,
   ""        ,    -
   ,        :
  ?
      ?
    ?
   ?
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾:     " "        
         
3.    
    ,      , :
 ()
 ()
 ()

             ,   
   -     ,     

2
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 ,          
,          
4.     
               
                  
 ,              
      
5. -  
            -    
                 
              
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾:     ,     ,   
             
    ( )
             ,  
       ,     
      
1.   
              
       :
   ( ,   ,  , )
    
 ( )
    (, , , )
2.   
         :
    (
, )
2
   (, , )
     
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾:            
3.   
               
        :
  ?
   ( , , )
  
       
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾:      -    
 ,         
4.     
              
      :
  (  ,    )
  (,   )
   ,      
5.  
             
            
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾: ( 1789   )   (    )  
    
   
         ,      :
    -  ,      
     
2
  -          ,   
     
     -    ,  
    
-  - 
   -  (,  
,  
)     
:        
            , 
,    
       ,  
          ,   
 
             :
       
     
     
 ,            ,  
,    ,  ,         
 
  :   

 
, - , -

, , ,  , , 

, , , ,   

 , / 

 ,    ,   
2
2.            
:: I.       
1.        
              ,
          ' '  ''    

         ,    
2.   
     ,      1789    , 
            ,   
,     
          ,        
      ,         , 
       
3.     
        ,    (, ,
, )        :
            
   
,           
      
4.        
  , 
,        
            
  :
       ,   (1215)   
  
              
II.       
1.        ?
        
2
          ,    
    ,          
    
            ,   
          
2.         
,          
      -      -   - 
   
,          

  :
       ;          
            
3.        
  :         , 
     ( ,  ,  )     
   
:            

 ,            
 :, ,         
          
4.   - 
          -  ,    
      :
      , 
      
  :
   ,           ( 
2008          )
             

2
III.    :  
          :

  + 
  + 
    
      



,  , , 

, ,  , 


 , ,

 , - , 

     
?      
 ?
     
?      
  ?
IV.         
     ,     -    
   ,               
       :
   -         
    -             
  
    -         ,   
     

  :
     :
        
  ,          
     ,        

            :
 :      
2
:       
:      

                 
        ,    
     
     ()   ()     ,    
               
 ,           , 
     
          ,   :  
       -              
         ,         

-
3.        
:1.   ?
        , ,      
           ,     
       
:                 
    
   :
 -     
 -      
 -       
 -      (   )
:,         ,     
        
2
2.   ?
                 
      ,         

:                  
 
  :
  ()
    ()
    ()
  :
 (    )
 (   )
 (   )
:   ,  , , 
     
         -       
3.   ?
               
        -,  , ,  ,  , 
,   , ,     
:                
    
    :
   
 , ,       
      (      )
     
:    , ,  ,     
  ,         ,    
          
,  ,       
2
       ,        
1.    
:       , ,   
:            
:          

2. 
:           -     ,
      
:          
:      ;        
  (    )
3. 
:     - , ,   
:   - , , 
: ,        
4. 
:    -    , ,   
:          
:     -      (, , ,
, , ) 
5. 
:       
:        
:     
2
6. 
:          
:; ,          
:   ,            

7.  
:             ,   
        
:           
:      ,      , 
     ,       
8. 
:        
:       
:-,        
     
        :
 ()        -,   
  (,  )          
   , ,  , ,    
       ,        
  

 ,  ,       ,       
  - 
     
          
       ,         
              ,  
2
                
                
      
        ,       
 ,            
4.            
:1.   -     :
         ,  
         -       
   
              :
1.  
2.  
3. 
4. 
5.  (  )
  ,    (            
  )   ,             
         
2.      :
  ,     -      -   
          -    ,  
                  , 
     
 -    (       )   
,               
              -    
( )      (    )
                  
    - 
2
 ,                
                
3.        :
                   ,
               
       :
  ,             
  ,            
      
     ( ,  )    
 ,     
             ,   
 -      -            
      ;       
4.    -  "  ":
                  
       ,        
  ,             
       (     )      
     ,        ( )  
  :
1.        -       
2.                
      
3.                 
4.  ,   ,   ,     
     
5.    :
               

2
 :       ( , ,   
 ) 
:  , ,  , ,    
  ,            
              
    ,   ( )   
  :
           
              
6.   :
              ,   
1917     ,        :
               
       
     ,    
      
           ,  
     
,                 
         ,       
        
:
 ,          :
      
          
        
   ,     
 ,      ,        

                 
         ,        
          ,    

2
    ,            
              
       ;             
-
5.              
    
:󷊄󷊅󷊆󷊇󷊈󷊉   
1.    
             ,   
       , "        
  "       ,   ,   
    (), ,         , 
      ,    ()   ()   
       
    , "            ," 
             
2. :   
    (-)        , 
               
                 
   :
: ,     
:            
,       
2
3.    
   ,          ,  
          ,    
    ,         
    -          
,    :
   (  
),
      (    )
4.     
                 
         ,         
                 -
      
              
               
5. :   
        (  )      
                 
    ,           
        ,       ,
        ,          
     
󷈚󷈛     
        ,       
               
   :
2
1.      
               ,   -
       ,    ,    ,  
   
  ,    ,         
          ,      
  -   
  
2.     
                
    ,            
  ,   ,        
   ,        
3.     
          ,       
,          , ,    
      
              
          
4.     
       ,       
    ,           
          
      , ,         
          -    , 
    
5.     
   ,           ,
 ,              
2
   -   ,        
      ,         
 
󷃆󼽢
       ,   -       
                 
     , ,          
     -   
,             
    -,          
 , ,            
     
 ,           ,      
 -       
6.              
    ?
:   
               
                
             
      -         
    
              
  
                
  
2
1. ,  
             
         ,      
,   
             ,
             
   
:  , 
     (MITI)    
   
2.      
          ,    ,
             , 
                 
        
:   ,        (   
    )     ,       
 
3. -  
                
,                - 
,         
     ,      ,       ,
                
4.    
       
     ,  ,
               
      
:        ,   
              
       
2
5.   -   (  )
  ,             
                
         ,    
    
         
, -  ,        
6.        
            
      ,       ,   
  
    
:      ,        
      
7.    
            ,   
      10, 20     30       
                 
       
 -            
    
1.     
               
            
   
       
         
:                 -
       
2
2.    
         -        
  ,            
3. -  (   )
-             
,          ,    
,               
   
4.           
       -    ,    ,
     -          
:       ,         
  
5.  
           ,  
     ,           
            
6.    (  )
                
   ,             
      ,      ,        

 ,              
        ,   ,   
            ,  ,
2
                
             
,           -  ,  
,    ,     
    
  
 ,        ,     
           
    
-
6.             
     
:   
                
       :
1 .  (   ):
       
                  
     
2 .  (   ):
"          "
                  
   
3 .  (  ):
"               
    "
           ,     
 
2
   
              
 :
1. 
   ,             
           ,    
         ,       
    
,   ,  
 ,       
 ,    ,     
2. 
       -       -   
     ,          
 ,         
3. 
                   -
 ,                
  
4. 
               
       (   ),     
    ,        ,   
          
5. 
   -               ,
      ,         
2
 ,              
   ,  
6. 
               
                     
          ,    
7.   
        , , ,   
        ,        
            
8.   
            
   
        ,      ,
        ,    ,    
   
   ( )
      ,           
-       :
1.  :       
2.  :          
 ,           
3.  :             
      
4.  :           
5.  :      -       
   
2
:     ?
        ,      -  
                  :
1.  
2.     
3.   
4.   
5.    
6.    
   ,             
                   
     ,        ,  
    :        
    
          ,       
      ,     ,      
 ,             ,  
        
      
       
   ,  
 -              
8.        
:1.  
:             
         -  , , , ,   
:              
    ,        ,  
   ()    ()      
  ,       
:          ,  -    - 
                
     
2
2.  
:                
 ,             ,   
      
:              
           
:             ,     
 ,       
3.  
:         ,    
,        
:.   ,      ,    
   
              
        ,         

: ,            
  ,           
4.   ( )
:          
             
:              
              
 
:            
      
5.  
:          (   )
      ,      
2
:         ,  
     
    :           
   -  ,        
6.    
              :
.  
:       ,       ,
             
:              
         
:    18         
.  
:              
     
:           ,  -
      ,        
 
:      ,    
      
7.    
:       ,      
       ,          

:          
            

:            

:              
 
2
    ?
        :
1. :       - , , , , , ,
, 
2. :      ,    
3.  :           
    
4.  :              
    
5. :           
  
   
   ,         :
1. :-          , 
      
2.  :          
  
3.   -:          
 
4. :           
    

            
           - , ,
  -       
           ,    
              
       ,      
      ,           
 ,        
"              
       ,      "